Cosmetic surgery
- abdominoplasty ("tummy tuck"): a cosmetic surgery procedure that reduces excess fat and skin in the stomach region. Often recommended for people who can't do this through diet or exercise.
- blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery): cosmetic surgeons reshape the upper or lower eyelid by repositioning or removing excess skin. Incisions are made along the natural skin lines of the eyelids.
- Botox: used in injections to help keep wrinkles at bay. Made from a poison produced by a bacterium, Clostridium botulinum (the bacterium that causes botulism, a type of food poisoning), Botox is used in small amounts to paralyse the facial muscles used for frowning and raising eyebrows. Fine lines are thus smoothed out. Botox is also used by cosmetic surgeons to paralyse sweat glands in the armpits.
- breast augmentation (enlargement): boosting breast size and form using silicone or saline implants
- breast reduction: cosmetic surgeons remove tissue and skin. May be done to reduce back and shoulder pain.
- chemical peel: reduces the appearance of acne, scars and wrinkles. Cosmetic surgeons remove layers of skin with specially prepared acids.
- chin augmentation: cosmetics surgeons alter the structure of the face, giving a better balance to the features. Often performed at the same time as a rhinoplasty ("nose job") to balance proportions.
- collagen: an animal protein used by cosmetic surgeons, usually for injecting into lips to give a distinctive pout. Effects last for a few months before the body metabolises the collagen.
- laser skin resurfacing: used to zap off the top layers of skin, a bit like a chemical peel. Can help to improve skin quality, stimulating collagen growth in the lower layers of skin.
- liposuction: a cosmetic surgery that removes fat from various parts of the body, including thighs, buttocks and abdomen. The procedure is done under local anaesthetic and, sometimes, sedative.
- reconstruction: performed by cosmetic surgeons on a range of features to improve function or for cosmetic reasons.
- rhinoplasty ("nose job"): apart from giving the patient huge psychological benefits, this procedure may be needed to aid breathing and correct birth defects. In some cases, the patient's own bone can be used to help increase nose size.
- rhytidectomy ("facelift"): using cosmetic surgical procedures to give a face a younger look. Incisions are made around the hairline, temples and ears to trim away excess skin, and sutures used to close the incisions.
- skin graft: one of the most common procedures in cosmetic surgery, involving the transfer of skin from one part of the body to another.
All guides on Yell.com are provided for general guidance only, do not constitute legal or professional advice and are not intended to be exhaustive.
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